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Layer: Development in Historic Meadows (ID: 9)

Name: Development in Historic Meadows

Display Field: GlobalID

Type: Feature Layer

Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon

Description: Brief Methods: In version 2 of the Sierra Nevada Multi-source Meadow Polygons Compilation, polygon boundaries from the original layer (SNMMPC_v1 - https://meadows.ucdavis.edu/data/4) were updated using ‘heads-up’ digitization from high-resolution (1m) NAIP imagery. In version 1, only polygons larger than one acre were retained in the published layer. In version 2, existing polygon boundaries were split, reduced in size, or merged, and additional polygons not captured in the original layer were digitized. If split, original IDs from version 1 were retained for one half and a new ID was created for the other half. In instances where adjacent meadows were merged together, only one ID was retained and the unused ID was “decommissioned”. If digitized, a new sequential ID was assigned. AcknowledgementsTim Lindemann, Dave Weixelman, Carol Clark, Stacey Mikulovsky, Qiqi Jiang, Joel Grapentine, Kirk Evans - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region Wes Kitlasten - U.S. Geological Survey Sarah Yarnell, Ryan Peek, Nick Santos - UC Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences Anna Fryjoff-Hung - UC Merced Meadow Polygon Attributes FieldDescriptionAREA_ACREMeadow area in acresSTATEState in which the meadow is located (CA or NV)ID*Unique meadow identifier UCDSNMxxxxxx*Note: IDs are non-sequential* HUC12Unique identifier for the Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC), level 12, in which the meadow is locatedOWNERSHIPLand ownership status (multiple sources)EDGE_COMPLEXITYGives an indication of the meadow's exposure to external conditions EDGE COMPLEXITY = (MEADOWperimeter/EAC perimeter) [EAC = Equal Area Circle]DOM_ROCKTYPEDominant rock type on which the meadow is located based on the USGS layerVEG_MAJORITYVegetation majority based on the LANDFIRE layer (GROUPVEG attribute)SOIL_SURVEYSoil survey from which SOIL_COKEY, MAPUNIT_Kf, MAPUNIT_ClayTot_r, SOIL_MUKEY, and SOIL_COMP_NAME were assigned to each meadow (SSURGO or STATSGO depending on layer coverage)SOIL_MUKEYMapunit Key: Unique identifier for the Mapunit in which the meadow is locatedSOIL_COKEYComponent Key: Unique identifier for the major component of the mapunit in which the meadow is located SOIL_COMP_NAMEComponent Name: Name of the soil component with the highest representative value in the mapunit in which the meadow is located MAPUNIT_KfK factor: A soil erodibility factor that quantifies the susceptibility of soil particles to detachment by water. Low: 0.05-0.2 Moderate: 0.25-0.4, High: >0.4MAPUNIT_ClayTot_rRepresentative value (%)of total clayCATCHMENT_AREAThe approximate area of the upstream catchment exiting through the meadow(sq. m)ELEV_MEANMean elevation (m)ELEV_RANGEElevation range (m) across each meadowED_MIN_FStopo_ROADSMinimum Euclidean Distance (m) to Forest Service Topographic Map Data Transportation Roads ED_MIN_FStopo_TRAILSMinimum Euclidean Distance (m) to Forest Service Topographic Map Data Transportation Trails ED_MIN_LAKEMinimum Euclidean Distance (m) to lake edges ED_MIN_FLOWMinimum Euclidean Distance (m) to NHD Streams/Rivers ED_MIN_SEEPMinimum Euclidean Distance (m) to NHD Seeps/Springs MDW_DEM_SLOPEMedian DEM based slope (in degrees)STRM_SLOPE_GRADELength-weighted average slope of all NHD flowline segments in each meadow. Given for meadows with flowlines. Meadows without flowlines are null for this attribute.POUR_POINT_LATLatitude of the lowest point along a flowline at which water flows out of the meadow in decimal degrees(meadow with no flowline has null value) POUR_POINT_LONLongitude of the lowest point along a flowline at which water flows out of the meadow in decimal degrees(meadow with no flowline has null value) HGM_TypeDominant meadow hydrogeomorphic (HGM) type LAT_DDLatitude of polygon centroid in decimal degreesLONG_DDLongitude of polygon centroid in decimal degreesShape_LengthMeadow perimeter in metersShape_AreaMeadow area in sq. metersDetailed Attribute Descriptions:GeologyField: DOM_ROCKTYPEData Source: USGS - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1305/Dominant rock type was attributed to the meadow polygons based on available state geology layers. Using Zonal Statisitics in ArcGIS, the most abundant lithology in the map unit (ROCKTYPE1) was identified for each meadow. VegetationField: VEG_MAJORITYData Source: LANDFIRE - https://www.landfire.gov/version_comparison.php?mosaic=YUsing Zonal Statisitics in ArcGIS, the 2014 LANDFIRE dataset was used to attribute generalized vegetation (GROUPVEG) to the meadow polygons. SoilsFields: SOIL_SURVEY, SOIL_MUKEY, SOIL_COKEY, SOIL_COMP_NAME, MAPUNIT_Kf, MAPUNIT_ClayTot_rData Source: USDA, Natural Resources Conservation ServiceSSURGO: https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/STATSGO: https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htmSSURGO (1:24,000 scale) datasets were compiled for the entirety of the study area. Gaps were filled with compiled STATSGO data (1:250,000 scale). Components were assigned based on the soil component with the highest representative value in the map unit in which the meadow was located. For each component, the clay and Kf values from the top-most horizon were assigned to each meadow polygon using Zonal Statistics. Note: MAPUNIT_Kf may be null if the mapunit dominant condition is a miscellaneous area component such as Rock outcrop. Also, forested components with organic litter surface horizons will also return a null K-factor when the surface horizon K-factor is used.STATSGO does not have the detail for approximation of soil properties in the mountain meadows. The polygons are so big (Order 4) that they do not recognize the soils in the meadows as unique components, so there are no data for the meadows anywhere in those map units. As for the K and clay values for CA790 (Yosemite NP), because it is a new survey, O horizons were populated for those components. There may be a similar issue with the Tahoe Basin. NRCS does not populate the K factor for O horizons. And, at least at the time, NRCS is not populating any mineral material in the O horizons. Many NRCS national interpretations have been edited to look at the first mineral horizon and exclude the O. There is also a lot of Rock Outcrop and no horizon data are populated for those components.Slope Field: MDW_DEM_SLOPE Data Source: USGS 10m DEMThe median Digital elevation model (DEM) based slope (in degrees) was assigned via Zonal Statistics to each meadow.All meadows have a value for this attribute. Field: STREAM_SLOPE_GRADEData Source: USGS National Hydrograpy Dataset (NHD) - https://nhd.usgs.gov/data.htmlA length-weighted average slope of all NHD flowline segments was calculated within each meadow polygon. Meadows with no NHD flowline will have a NULL value for this attribute. Catchment AreaField: MDW_CATCHMENT_AREA (sq meters)Data Source: USGS NHDPlus V2, NHDPlusHydrodem- http://www.horizon-systems.com/NHDPlus/NHDPlusV2_home.phpScript Source: USGS, Wes Kitlasten; USFS, Kirk Evans, Carol ClarkUsing python scripting and the Watershed tool in ArcGIS, the area of the upstream catchment exiting through the meadow was obtained using a flow direction raster created from the NHDPlusHydrodem.Euclidean Distance Fields: ED_MIN_SEEP, ED_MIN_LAKE, ED_MIN_FLOW, ED_MIN_FSTopo_ROADS, ED_MIN_FSTopo_TRAILSData Source: USGS National Hydrograpy Dataset (NHD) - https://nhd.usgs.gov/data.htmlFSTopo - https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php?xmlKeyword=FSTopoUsing the Euclidean Distance (Spatial Analyst) tool in ArcGIS, the minimum distance to each meadow was calculated for NHD Springs/Seeps, NHD Streams/Rivers (flow), NHD Waterbodies (lakes), and FS Topographic Transportation Trails and Roads. HGM Type During the mapping process, the dominant Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) type (Weixelman et al 2011) was estimated for each meadow larger than one acre. Visual inspection of NAIP 1-m resolution imagery was used in this process. DEM layers were used to estimate the landform position. The USGS hydrographic layer was used to determine locations of flowlines. Google Earth imagery was used to estimate greenness during the summer months. Meadows are often composed of more than one HGM type. In this effort, the dominant type was estimated. HGM types have not yet been estimated for Yosemite and Sequoia Kings Canyon National Parks. Types were mapped according to the following visual interpretation. Meadows adjacent to lakes or reservoirs and at nearly the same elevation as the Water bodyLacustrine Fringe (LF)1’. Not as above2Meadow sites located in an obvious topographic depression. 32’. Not as above4Sites with obvious standing water after mid-summer or vegetation remaining dark green after mid-summer. Depressional Perennial (DEPP)3’. Not as above. Sites with no standing water after mid-summer or apparently not remaining dark green after mid-summer.Depressional Seasonal (DEPS)Meadows with a flow line (using the USGS hydrographic layer) entering from above the meadow and exiting below the meadow, or meadows located in a swale or drainway ………………………………Riparian (RIP)4’. Not as above5Meadows fed by a spring or seep. No flowline entering from above the meadow. Typically occurring on hillslopes or toeslopes. In addition, the USGS DEM layer was used to look for the text label “Springs” and/or a symbol indicating a spring. Discharge Slope (DS)5’. Dry meadows without a visible flowline entering from above the meadow, vegetation greenness disappears by mid-summer. No apparent groundwater inputs from springs or seeps. May occur in a swale, drainageway, gentle hillslope, or crest. Dry (Dry)OwnershipField: OWNERSHIPData Sources by priority:USDA Forest Service Basic Ownership (OWNERCLASSIFICATION) - https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php?dsetCategory=boundariesNational Parks Service (UNIT_NAME) - https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/California Protected Areas Database – CPAD (LAYER) - http://www.calands.org/Protected Area Database-US (CBI Edition) Version 2.1 (OWN_NAME) - http://consbio.org/products/projects/PAD-US-CBI-establishment-datesOwnership values were assigned to each meadow using the above priorities and Zonal Statistics in ArcGIS. Datum/Projection Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_California_Teale_AlbersProjection: AlbersFalse Easting: 0.00000000False Northing: -4000000.00000000Central Meridian: -120.00000000Standard Parallel 1: 34.00000000Standard Parallel 2: 40.50000000Latitude of Origin: 0.00000000Linear Unit: Meter

Service Item Id: e8ddb3eede2d4c5aa1b1cf380ca5c542

Copyright Text: Weixelman, D. A., B. Hill, D.J. Cooper, E.L. Berlow, J. H. Viers, S.E. Purdy, A.G. Merrill, and S.E. Gross. 2011. Meadow Hydrogeomorphic Types for the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Ranges in California: A Field Key. Gen. Tech. Rep. R5-TP-034. Vallejo, CA. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 34 pp. UC Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences & USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 2017. Sierra Nevada Multi-Source Meadow Polygons Compilation (v 2.0), Vallejo, CA, Regional Office: USDA Forest Service. 2017. http://meadows.ucdavis.edu

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